Neuromuscular Maladaptive Changes in Spastic Muscles and Implications for Spasticity Management

Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2026 May;37(2):213-229. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2026.01.005. Epub 2026 Feb 26. ABSTRACT This article reviews the neuromuscular maladaptation in spastic muscles, including motor unit remodeling, muscle fiber changes, and the accumulation of hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix, and fibrosis of connective tissues and fascia thickening. It highlights how these neural and muscular […]